Chocolate is one of the world’s most popular treats and has been prized for its flavour and aroma for centuries. Its history reaches back to ancient Mesoamerican cultures, including the Maya and Aztecs, for whom cacao held major cultural and economic significance. Today, chocolate appears in desserts, drinks and culinary traditions around the world. Before it reaches the shop shelf, however, it goes through a complex production process combining long-established techniques with modern technology. Below, we explain the main stages of chocolate production and how they shape its distinctive flavour and texture.